TheoryFree CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep Practice Test PDF
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Free CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep PDF with 30 questions
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The PDF includes 30 CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep questions with answers and explanations.
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Q1An LPN is caring for a resident with chronic heart failure. Which finding best indicates the heart's reduced ability to pump blood effectively to meet the body's metabolic demands?
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✓ Correct answer: Edema in the feet and ankles
Decreased cardiac output leads to compensatory mechanisms including fluid retention by the kidneys, resulting in dependent edema (swelling in feet and ankles). This is a direct result of the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently, causing blood to back up in the venous system.
Q2A resident with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a barrel-shaped chest. This anatomical change is primarily caused by which pathophysiological process?
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✓ Correct answer: Air trapping and hyperinflation of the alveoli
In COPD, chronic air trapping occurs because damaged alveoli lose their elasticity and airways collapse during exhalation. This leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to become barrel-shaped as the anteroposterior diameter increases.
Q3A nurse reviews lab results showing a serum creatinine level of 2.8 mg/dL (normal 0.6-1.2 mg/dL) in a resident with chronic kidney disease. This finding indicates dysfunction in which primary kidney function?
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✓ Correct answer: Glomerular filtration of waste products
Creatinine is a waste product filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys. Elevated serum creatinine indicates the glomerular filtration rate is decreased, meaning the kidneys are not effectively filtering waste products from the blood.
Q4An elderly resident with type 2 diabetes has a fasting blood glucose of 245 mg/dL. The nurse understands this indicates which pancreatic dysfunction?
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✓ Correct answer: Insufficient insulin production or cellular insulin resistance
In type 2 diabetes, the pancreatic beta cells either do not produce sufficient insulin or the body's cells become resistant to insulin. Elevated fasting glucose indicates inadequate insulin effect, preventing glucose from entering cells for energy use.
Q5A resident with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to which age-related change in bone physiology?
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✓ Correct answer: Increased bone resorption exceeding bone formation
Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption (breakdown) by osteoclasts exceeds bone formation by osteoblasts, resulting in decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. This imbalance is common in aging, especially post-menopausal women.
Q6The nurse assesses a stage 3 pressure injury on a resident's sacrum. Understanding the integumentary system, the nurse knows this wound extends through which layers?
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✓ Correct answer: Epidermis, dermis, and into subcutaneous tissue
A stage 3 pressure injury involves full-thickness skin loss extending through the epidermis and dermis into the subcutaneous tissue (fat layer). Muscle, tendon, and bone are not exposed in stage 3 injuries.
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