A resident with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a barrel-shaped chest. This anatomical change is primarily caused by which pathophysiological process?

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Multiple choice — select the best answer

AStrengthening of intercostal muscles from overuse
BIncreased production of surfactant in the lungs
CAir trapping and hyperinflation of the alveoli
DExcessive calcium deposition in the rib cage

✓ Correct answer: C. Air trapping and hyperinflation of the alveoli In COPD, chronic air trapping occurs because damaged alveoli lose their elasticity and airways collapse during exhalation. This leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to become barrel-shaped as the anteroposterior diameter increases.

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A resident with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a barrel-shaped chest. This anatomical change is primarily caused by which pathophysiological process?

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