TheoryVTNE Study Guide
Study for the VTNE with exam topics, practice questions, a free PDF, video walkthrough and timed mock exam links.
How to study for VTNE
- Read the topic list so you know what the exam is likely to cover.
- Answer the free practice questions and read every explanation.
- Download the PDF for offline review.
- Use timed mock exams when your untimed practice feels comfortable.
Topics to review
- Safe and effective care environment
- Health promotion and maintenance
- Psychosocial and physiological integrity
- Pharmacology, infection control and patient safety
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Q1Conventional radiology film cassettes are equipped with intensifying screens.<br/><br/>What is the specific purpose for incorporating intensifying screens within these cassettes?
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✓ Correct answer: To increase contrast
An intensifying screen in a radiograph film cassette serves to enhance contrast by utilizing fluorescent crystals to improve visual detail. Each cassette contains two screens, with the film positioned between them.
Q2What is the radiation dose when the operator doubles the distance from the primary beam?
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✓ Correct answer: 1/4
The intensity of the primary x-ray beam is directly proportional to the distance between the source and the image. At twice the distance, the beam intensity is reduced to 1/4 of its original intensity.
Q3You are presented with a radiograph that appears to be black and white. Upon observation, you notice that the bones are grey.<br/><br/>What steps should you take for the next radiograph?
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✓ Correct answer: Decrease kVp.
To determine which exposure factor to adjust, first assess whether the image is too dark or too light (use a toast analogy, is the toast burnt or not dark enough?). In this case, since the image is excessively dark, you should reduce the exposure factors. To determine the exposure factor to use, first rule out kVp. This can be determined by examining the contrast. Examine the bones for dark radiography. If the bones appear grey, there has been too much penetration, and the kVp should be reduced by 10 to 15%. If the bones are dark but still have some contrast with the surrounding soft tissue, they have not been overpenetrated, and the issue is excessive mAs. If the radiograph is too light, examine the organs. If the organs are not clearly visible, the area hasn't received adequate penetration, so increase your kVp by roughly 10 to 15% to boost density and contrast. If the organs are visible, penetration was not an issue; therefore, increase mAs to enhance the density of blackness on the radiograph.
Q4With cholestatic disease (gallbladder), what color might their serum be?
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✓ Correct answer: Yellow
The yellow coloration can indicate a bile/gallbladder issue. In herbivores, the yellow color can be considered normal.
Q5The presence of fibrin in a blood sample has the potential to obstruct the analyzer tubing or inaccurately affect the quantified level of an analyte. If serum is left on the clot for more than one hour, what consequence might be expected?
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✓ Correct answer: decreased glucose concentration
If serum is left on the clot for longer than one hour, it will lead to a <strong>decreased glucose concentration</strong> due to utilization by cells in the sample.
Q6Which of the following is not necessary for DNA replication?
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✓ Correct answer: RNA polymerase initiates separation of the DNA double helix.
RNA polymerase initiates separation of the DNA double helix to begin RNA transcription.
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