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Free CPEN Emergency Nurse Prep PDF with 30 questions
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The PDF includes 30 CPEN Emergency Nurse Prep questions with answers and explanations.
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Q1A nurse is caring for a child with acute asthma exacerbation. Which assessment finding would prompt the nurse to contact the physician immediately?
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✓ Correct answer: Diminished breath sounds
Answer: Diminished breath sounds Acute asthma exacerbation can cause symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and an increased respiratory rate. However, diminished breath sounds may indicate severe airway obstruction or imminent respiratory failure, which is a serious complication and necessitates immediate contact with the physician. Wheezing and coughing are common symptoms of asthma exacerbation but are not immediately life-threatening.
Q2Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with an increased risk of developing Reye's syndrome?
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✓ Correct answer: Asthma
Answer: Asthma Reye's syndrome is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. It most commonly affects children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection. Although the exact cause is unclear, the relationship between taking aspirin during a viral illness and the development of Reye's syndrome has been well documented. Conditions most associated with an increased risk of Reye's syndrome include the use of aspirin for viral infections such as influenza, chickenpox, or measles. Asthma, however, is not typically linked to an increased risk of Reye's syndrome.
Q3Which of the following conditions frequently results in chronic hypoxemia due to airway obstruction and pulmonary hypertension?
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✓ Correct answer: Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Answer: Cystic fibrosis (CF) CF is a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems and is characterized by the production of abnormal mucus. This mucus can obstruct the airways, leading to infections, inflammation, and chronic hypoxemia. Patients with CF often develop pulmonary hypertension due to the increased resistance in the pulmonary vasculature, secondary to chronic airway obstruction and hypoxemia.
Q4Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of respiratory failure in a pediatric patient with severe asthma?
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✓ Correct answer: Status asthmaticus
Answer: Status asthmaticus Status asthmaticus is a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is unresponsive to standard treatments like bronchodilators and steroids. This condition can lead to respiratory failure due to severe airway narrowing and increased work of breathing. Bacterial pneumonia can cause respiratory distress but is typically associated with fever and localized lung findings. Viral bronchiolitis often affects infants and usually presents with wheezing and mild to moderate respiratory distress. Foreign body aspiration typically presents with sudden onset of coughing, choking, and possible localized wheezing or stridor.
Q5A 5-year-old child with a history of Kawasaki disease is being evaluated for possible complications. Which of the following is a common cardiovascular complication associated with Kawasaki disease?
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✓ Correct answer: Coronary artery aneurysm
Answer: Coronary artery aneurysm Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects children. A significant cardiovascular complication is coronary artery aneurysm, which can lead to myocardial infarction or ischemia. Early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities. Kawasaki disease does not typically cause congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or mitral valve prolapse.
Q6Which essential medication should be administered to a pediatric patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation?
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✓ Correct answer: Albuterol
Answer: Albuterol Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist, is a critical medication for relieving bronchospasm during an acute asthma exacerbation. It works rapidly to dilate the airways, improving airflow and oxygenation. Oxygen may be necessary if hypoxia is present, but it is not the primary treatment for relieving bronchospasm. Ipratropium can be used as an adjunct to albuterol in severe cases. Epinephrine is generally reserved for severe anaphylaxis and is not first-line therapy for asthma exacerbations.
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