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Q1Identify the heart rhythm shown in the following EKG strip: Lead I Lead II Lead III Normal P waves Normal P waves Normal P waves Regular QRS Wide QRS complexes Wide QRS complexes Regular T waves Inverted T waves
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✓ Correct answer: Sinus rhythm progressing to ventricular tachycardia
Answer: Sinus rhythm progressing to ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by wide, bizarre QRS complexes with an absence of any real rhythm. Prompt treatment is required to revert the patient to sinus rhythm.
Q2Which heart rhythms on an EKG strip show P-P intervals that are interrupted by a premature beat?
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✓ Correct answer: Regular but interrupted rhythms
Answer: Regular but interrupted rhythms These types of rhythms are considered regular, interrupted by premature beats or pauses. They may look irregular at first, but a closer inspection will show one beat or a burst of several beats followed by a regular P-P interval. These premature beats can occur at any time during the rhythm.
Q3An EKG strip shows a QT interval measured from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the T wave that spans 9 small squares. Using the standard conversion factor that each small square represents 0.04 seconds, determine the QT interval duration.
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✓ Correct answer: 0.36 seconds
Answer: 0.36 seconds The QT interval is determined by counting the small squares between the beginning of the Q wave and the end of the T wave. With 9 small squares, the duration is calculated as 9 x 0.04 = 0.36 seconds.
Q4Which of the following is part of the criteria for recognizing ventricular tachycardia (VT) on an EKG?
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✓ Correct answer: Wide QRS complexes
Answer: Wide QRS complexes The criteria for recognizing ventricular tachycardia (VT) on an EKG include the following: - The presence of wide QRS complexes (greater than 0.12 seconds). - The QRS complexes are typically broad and bizarre in appearance. - P waves are usually absent or not related to the QRS complexes. - There is usually a rapid heart rate, often between 100 and 250 bpm. - The rhythm is typically regular, but it can be slightly irregular. - The presence of capture beats or fusion beats can indicate VT.
Q5Which characteristic of cardiac cells enables them to generate electrical impulses spontaneously without external stimulus?
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✓ Correct answer: Automaticity
Answer: Automaticity Automaticity is the cell's ability to generate electrical impulses spontaneously without needing any external stimulus. Contractility is the ability to contract the cardiac muscle. Conductivity is the ability to pass electrical impulses along neighboring cells. Excitability is the ability to respond to electrical impulses through depolarization.
Q6Identify the correct sequence of waves and intervals on a standard EKG tracing.
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✓ Correct answer: P wave → PR interval → QRS complex → ST segment → T wave
Correct answer: P wave → PR interval → QRS complex → ST segment → T wave This sequence represents the standard progression of electrical activity during a normal cardiac cycle. The P wave signifies atrial depolarization, the PR interval includes atrial depolarization and AV nodal delay, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, the ST segment indicates the period before repolarization of the ventricles, and the T wave signifies ventricular repolarization.
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