John is a 45-year-old male who has been experiencing frequent migraines and recently began seeing a new primary care physician. John tells his doctor that he often feels like there's someone else controlling his thoughts and actions. He reports hearing voices multiple times a day, which tell him to do harmful things. John appears highly anxious and distressed while describing his experiences. His medical history indicates that these symptoms started about ten years ago and have progressively worsened. Based on this information, you would MOST likely diagnose John with:
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✓ Correct answer: D. SchizophreniaAnswer: Schizophrenia John meets the criteria for schizophrenia, as he shows evidence of hallucinations, delusions, and significant emotional disturbance. While Bipolar disorder can involve psychotic symptoms, it is characterized by distinct mood episodes, which John does not report. Borderline personality disorder involves a pattern of unstable relationships, self-image, and affect, which is also not indicated in John's description. OCD is characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors, but not the degree of psychosis described in John's case.
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