Mid-resuscitation, a team member states: 'I've pushed 1 mg of epinephrine IV.' The team leader nods without responding verbally. According to ACLS team communication principles, what problem does this represent?
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AAbsence of closed-loop communication — the team leader must verbally confirm receipt of the message.
BNodding is an acceptable form of confirmation in a high-noise resuscitation environment.
CThe team member should have waited for explicit instruction before administering the drug.
DThe dose of epinephrine reported is incorrect, which is the primary concern.
✓ Correct answer: A. Absence of closed-loop communication — the team leader must verbally confirm receipt of the message.Closed-loop communication requires that the receiver verbally acknowledges the message and the sender confirms the acknowledgment; a nod alone does not complete the loop and risks miscommunication errors.
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